We recommend that the Deputy Secretary, Department of Homeland Security establish a formal entity at the Department level to oversee component use of force activities. Once established, the responsible personnel at the Department level should work with the components to: a. establish minimal requirements for what each component should report as a use of force incident and develop a process to collect and report the accurate number of incidents; b. develop a formal mechanism by which components can share lessons learned regarding use of force policies, training, and oversight; c. collaborate with the components and conduct a review or study to identify minimum standards or requirements for less-lethal use of force training, and require the components to implement the training; d. ensure each component has and uses a system of record to actively monitor completion of required recurring training; and e. continuously improve monitoring of training requirements, address training challenges related to resource availability, optimize regional efficiencies, and identify opportunities for cooperation to meet training related goals.